Smith, DaveHale, Bruce2009-05-182009-05-182005-09Smith, D., & Hale, B. (2005). Exercise dependence in bodybuilders: Antecedents and reliability of measurement. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(3), 401-408.0022-47071827-1928http://hdl.handle.net/10034/68454This article is not available through ChesterRep.This article discusses a study which aimed to examine social and psychological antecedents of bodybuilding dependence (life satisfaction, socio-economic status, marital status and parental status) and examine the test-retest reliability of the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale (BDS). One hundred and eighty-one male bodybuilders agreed to participate in the study.enbodybuildingphysical fitnessexerciseArticleJournal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness