Cartwright, TimHulbert-Williams, LeeEvans, GemmaHulbert-Williams, Nick2023-11-082023-11-082023-10-10Cartwright, T., Hulbert-Williams, L., Evans, G., & Hulbert-Williams, N. (2023). Measuring authentic living from internal and external perspectives: A novel measure of self-authenticity. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.10069810.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100698http://hdl.handle.net/10034/628257Self-authenticity refers to knowing and being oneself despite societal expectations, a concept closely related to values-based therapeutic interventions. Authentic living is currently measured using three validated psycho- metric scales; however these have limitations including issues with length, theoretical instability, and lack of measurement invariance testing. The present study sought to develop a novel measure of self-authenticity to resolve these limitations, and to provide further empirical evidence as to the structure of self-authenticity. Using a large sample, split into two subsamples, the novel Self-Authenticity Measure (SAM) was developed and found to be reliable. We present evidence of convergent and concurrent validity, as well as a degree of incremental validity over one of the previously developed authenticity scales. Furthermore, construct validity and (config- ural) measurement invariance were demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis. Thus, though the measure was initially developed for use with sexual-minority groups, it appears to function similarly in a het- erosexual sample. Self-authenticity correlated with constructs related to psychological flexibility, suggesting that therapeutic techniques based on valued living could increase self-authenticity in individuals. The SAM affords researchers the opportunity to measure self-authenticity from internal (knowing and being oneself) and external (being oneself around others) perspectives. Further testing of measurement invariance is recommended.Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Self-AuthenticityAuthentic livingValued livingPsychological flexibilityArticle2590-2911Social Sciences & Humanities Open