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The Effect of Carbohydrate Restriction on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolites: CALIBER, a Randomised Parallel Trial
McCullough, Deaglan Harrison, Tanja Enright, Kevin J. Amirabdollahian, Farzad Mazidi, Mohsen Lane, Katie Stewart, Claire E. Davies, Ian G.
McCullough, Deaglan
Harrison, Tanja
Enright, Kevin J.
Amirabdollahian, Farzad
Mazidi, Mohsen
Lane, Katie
Stewart, Claire E.
Davies, Ian G.
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Editors
Other Contributors
EPub Date
Publication Date
2023-06-30
Submitted Date
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Article - VoR
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Abstract
Low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective as high-carbohydrate, lower-fat (HCLF) diets for improving cardiovascular disease risk markers. Few studies have compared the effects of the UK HCLF dietary guidelines with an LCHF diet on lipids and lipoprotein metabolism using high-throughput NMR spectroscopy. This study aimed to explore the effect of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared to an HCLF diet on lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and CVD risk factors. For 8 weeks, n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to follow either an LCHF (n = 8, <50 g CHO p/day) or an HCLF diet (n = 8). Fasted blood samples at weeks 0, 4, and 8 were collected and analysed for lipids, lipoprotein subclasses, and energy-related metabolism markers via NMR spectroscopy. The LCHF diet increased (p < 0.05) very small VLDL, IDL, and large HDL cholesterol levels, whereas the HCLF diet increased (p < 0.05) IDL and large LDL cholesterol levels. Following the LCHF diet alone, triglycerides in VLDL and HDL lipoproteins significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, and HDL phospholipids significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Furthermore, the LCHF diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased the large and small HDL particle concentrations compared to the HCLF diet. In conclusion, the LCHF diet may reduce CVD risk factors by reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and improving HDL functionality.
Citation
McCullough, D., Harrison, T., Enright, K. J., Amirabdollahian, F., Mazidi, M., Lane, K. E., Stewart, C. E., et al. (2023). The Effect of Carbohydrate Restriction on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolites: CALIBER, a Randomised Parallel Trial. Nutrients, 15(13), 3002. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133002
Publisher
MDPI
Journal
Nutrients
Research Unit
DOI
10.3390/nu15133002
PubMed ID
PubMed Central ID
Type
Article
Language
Description
Series/Report no.
ISSN
EISSN
2072-6643