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A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Prince, Stephanie Cardilli, Luca Reed, Jennifer Saunders, Travis Kite, Chris Douillette, Kevin Fournier, Karine Buckley, John P.
Prince, Stephanie
Cardilli, Luca
Reed, Jennifer
Saunders, Travis
Kite, Chris
Douillette, Kevin
Fournier, Karine
Buckley, John P.
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Abstract
Background
Sedentary behaviour (SB) is a risk factor for chronic disease and premature mortality. While many individual studies have examined the reliability and validity of various self-report measures for assessing SB, it is not clear, in general, how self-reported SB (e.g., questionnaires, logs, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs)) compares to device measures (e.g., accelerometers, inclinometers).
Objective
The primary objective of this systematic review was to compare self-report versus device measures of SB in adults.
Methods
Six bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included a comparable self-report and device measure of SB in adults. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses.
Results
The review included 185 unique studies. A total of 123 studies comprising 173 comparisons and data from 55,199 participants were used to examine general criterion validity. The average mean difference was -105.19 minutes/day (95% CI: -127.21, -83.17); self-report underestimated sedentary time by ~1.74 hours/day compared to device measures. Self-reported time spent sedentary at work was ~40 minutes higher than when assessed by devices. Single item measures performed more poorly than multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries. On average, when compared to inclinometers, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries were not significantly different, but had substantial amount of variability (up to 6 hours/day within individual studies) with approximately half over-reporting and half under-reporting. A total of 54 studies provided an assessment of reliability of a self-report measure, on average the reliability was good (ICC = 0.66).
Conclusions
Evidence from this review suggests that single-item self-report measures generally underestimate sedentary time when compared to device measures. For accuracy, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries with a shorter recall period should be encouraged above single item questions and longer recall periods if sedentary time is a primary outcome of study. Users should also be aware of the high degree of variability between and within tools. Studies should exert caution when comparing associations between different self-report and device measures with health outcomes.
Citation
Prince, S. A., Cardilli, L., Reed, J. L., Saunders, T. J., Kite, C., Douillette, K., ... & Buckley, J. P. (2020). A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1-17.
Publisher
BioMed Central
Journal
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Research Unit
DOI
10.1186/s12966-020-00938-3
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PubMed Central ID
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Article
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EISSN
1479-5868