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Cultural differences in self-recognition: the early development of autonomous and related selves?
Ross, Josephine Yilmaz, Mandy Dale, Rachel Cassidy, Rose Yildirim, Iraz Zeedyk, M. Suzanne
Ross, Josephine
Yilmaz, Mandy
Dale, Rachel
Cassidy, Rose
Yildirim, Iraz
Zeedyk, M. Suzanne
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EPub Date
Publication Date
2016-01-29
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Abstract
Fifteen- to 18-month-old infants from three nationalities were observed interacting with their mothers and during two self-recognition tasks. Scottish interactions were characterized by distal contact, Zambian interactions by proximal contact, and Turkish interactions by a mixture of contact strategies. These culturally distinct experiences may scaffold different perspectives on self. In support, Scottish infants performed best in a task requiring recognition of the self in an individualistic context (mirror self-recognition), whereas Zambian infants performed best in a task requiring recognition of the self in a less individualistic context (body-as-obstacle task). Turkish infants performed similarly to Zambian infants on the body-as-obstacle task, but outperformed Zambians on the mirror self-recognition task. Verbal contact (a distal strategy) was positively related to mirror self-recognition and negatively related to passing the body-as-obstacle task. Directive action and speech (proximal strategies) were negatively related to mirror self-recognition. Self-awareness performance was best predicted by cultural context; autonomous settings predicted success in mirror self-recognition, and related settings predicted success in the body-as-obstacle task. These novel data substantiate the idea that cultural factors may play a role in the early expression of self-awareness. More broadly, the results highlight the importance of moving beyond the mark test, and designing culturally sensitive tests of self-awareness.
Citation
Ross, J., Yilmaz, M., Dale, R., Cassidy, R., Yildirim, I., & Zeedyk, M. S. (2017). Cultural differences in self-recognition: the early development of autonomous and related selves? Developmental Science, 20(3), e12387. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12387
Publisher
Wiley
Journal
Developmental Science
Research Unit
DOI
10.1111/desc.12387
PubMed ID
PubMed Central ID
Type
Article
Language
en
Description
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ross, J., Yilmaz, M., Dale, R., Cassidy, R., Yildirim, I., & Zeedyk, M. S. (2017). Cultural differences in self-recognition: the early development of autonomous and related selves? Developmental Science, 20(3), e12387. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12387, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.12387/abstract;jsessionid=8C6927FBEA1D6A55BDF8C81A3012FB82.f03t01. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Series/Report no.
ISSN
1363-755X
EISSN
1467-7687