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Effects of Ramadan and Non-ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Gut Microbiome
Mousavi, Seyedeh Neda Rayyani, Elham Heshmati, Javad Tavasolian, Ronia Rahimlou, Mehran
Mousavi, Seyedeh Neda
Rayyani, Elham
Heshmati, Javad
Tavasolian, Ronia
Rahimlou, Mehran
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Publication Date
2022-03-22
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Abstract
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in the health and wellness in the world. There are numerous types of IF, all of which involve fasting periods that last longer than an overnight fast and involve limited meal time-windows, with or without calorie restriction. The objective of this review is to summarize the current evidence for the effects of Ramadan and non-Ramadan IF on gut microbiome. Methods: We explored PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Animal and human studies were screened and reviewed separately by two researchers. Results: Twenty-eight studies were selected after screening. Some of the studies were performed on animal models and some on humans. The results of these studies indicate a significant shift in the gut microbiota, especially an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria following fasting diets. The results of some studies also showed an increase in the bacterial diversity, decrease inflammation and increased production of some metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in individuals or samples under fasting diets. Moreover, Ramadan fasting, as a kind of IF, improves health parameters through positive effects on some bacterial strains such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroide. However, some studies have reported adverse effects of fasting diets on the structure of the microbiome. Conclusion: In general, most studies have seen favorable results following adherence from the fasting diets on the intestinal microbiome. However, because more studies have been done on animal models, more human studies are needed to prove the results.
Citation
Mousavi, S. N., Rayyani, E., Heshmati, J., Tavasolian, R., & Mehran, R. (2022). Effects of Ramadan and Non-ramadan intermittent fasting on gut microbiome. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 860575. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.860575
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Journal
Frontiers in Nutrition
Research Unit
DOI
10.3389/fnut.2022.860575
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PubMed Central ID
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Article
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ISSN
EISSN
2296-861X